Performance-Enhancing Drugs In Sports

Performance-Enhancing Drugs In Sports Free Online Research Papers There are several different types of performance-enhancing drugs used by athletes and others in today’s society. Two of the most common drugs used are steroids and androstenedione. These drugs, among others, when used are referred to as â€Å"doping†. â€Å"In sports, doping refers to the use of performance-enhancing drugs such as steroids, particularly those that are forbidden by organizations that regulate competitions.† (Doping (sports), 2007) Steroids have been around since the mid-1930’s. There are thirty (30) different types and they are primarily made of progesterone, androgen and estrogen. This drug is used for many different reasons. Some reasons people use steroids is to grow muscle, become stronger, endurance, recover quickly, and train more. (Staudohar, 2005) The other common drug used is androstenedione, which is a type of steroid. (DiConsiglio, 1999) Another name for androstenedione is â€Å"andro.† Andro originates either from the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone or from dehydroepiandrosterone#. These are then converted into either estrone or testerone. Just like steroids, andro is used to help a person grow more muscle and become stronger. There are several side effects from the performance-enhancing drugs. Just from steroids alone, the side effects are increased protein synthesis, muscle and strength, appetite, bone remodeling and growth, production of red blood cells, blood pressure, cholesterol, risk of cardiovascular disease and acne. (Gassman, 2007) The side effect of androstenedione is gynecomastia#. These drugs are very dangerous and damaging to a person’s health, body and even mind. Another drug used by athletes, but not often mentioned, is cocaine. This drug is thought to be used primarily by the stereo-typed persons who have â€Å"some combination of the following variables: money, fame, free time and feeling of invincibility.† Some of the side effects of this drug are hypothermia, anxiety, palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, chronic nasal drip, sinusitis, and sudden death by bleeding or seizures in the brain and rhythm disturbances of the heart. (Preboth, 2000) Another drug used by athletes, which seems to be becoming popular and common, is HGH or human growth hormone. HGH is located in the center of the brain and is produced by the pituitary gland. It is the most abundant hormone. The human growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland. It helps the human body in a variety of health functions. The human growth hormone is said to help build muscle and stop aging. (G) There are three (3) different ways to take human growth hormones. They can me taken by injections, oral sprays and releasers (herbal supplements). Although each method is costly, taking HGH Injections seems to be the most expensive. (G) The injections are typically used two (2) to three (3) times a day. Each injection averages about $25.00 per shot. So when taking the injections, you’re looking at spending about fifty (50) to seventy-five (75) dollars a day. Using the injections isn’t natural because it uses â€Å"scientifically engineered† or synthetic HGH. Although this method is effective, it is very painful, requires a prescription, expensive, can have serious side effects and is time-consuming. (G) The oral spray on the other hand isn’t effective at all. The â€Å"sprays are said to be ineffective because growth hormone is a large, unstable molecule that can’t pass through membranes in the mouth.† (G) You also can’t tell how much of the dose that you’re taking. The spray is also dangerous to fillers and binders and is distasteful. (G) The releasers are very different from the injections and sprays. They don’t cost that much and they actually work. They also don’t require a prescription and don’t have any side effects. The releasers contain only natural herbal ingredients. It seems as though that the human growth hormones are good for you and the only one that poses a threat are the injections. The sprays don’t work at all and they pose a little threat. It seems the releaser is the best one to use. But if the human growth hormones are good for you, then why do people think that they’re bad? Well, if you abuse them, then there could be serious side effects. It could even be fatal to your health and could make you loose a lot of money. Twenty (20) years ago, drug testing was in the beginning stages. (Mannie, 2006) For example, in 1976, testing first began among athletes in the Montreal Olympics. (Murphy, 2007) Now it’s more complex and in constant change. (CBC, 2004) As the years go by, more tests have been developed to trace and stop drug usage. The NFL, and other organizations like the NHL and NBA (Mannie, 2006), took measures into their own hands by having random urine testing procedures. The old test, used by the NFL, only tested seven (7) players at random, per week during a season. The new one tests ten (10) players at random, per week during a season. Also, the players, if caught using drugs, will be suspended and could forfeit a prorated portion of their signing bonuses which is often the only guaranteed compensation. (AP, 2007) In 2005, the NHL started to tests players twice a year. (Murphy, 2007) The German Sport University in Colgne also found a way to test for low concentrations of drugs. They h ave developed a chemical technique to detect synacthen.# (Mika, 2007) Although there are tests and new procedures have been developed and adopted, some sports players are still being question as to whether or not they’re using. In baseball, a center fielder for the Angels is alleged to have bought performance-enhancing drugs. If this is true, then Gary Mathews, Jr. could be suspended for fifty (50) games. Mathews name also appeared on a pharmacies prescriptions list in Albany, NY. The two (2) owners of the pharmacy made headlines of their own as they were arrested for illegal distribution on February 27, 2007. (DiGiovanna, 2007) With sports players using the drugs, it’s making some fans cynical because they’re asking themselves, â€Å"How much has been achieved naturally?† (CBC, 2004) Over the past century, there have been several incidents/reported cases of drug use among athletes. Starting in 1904, an Olympic marathon winner, Thomas Hicks was using strychnine and brandy during the race. In 1960, a Danish cyclist, Knud Jensen, dies from a fractured skull after taking stimulates and crashing. In 1988, Ben Johnson, a Canadian sprinter, is banned for two years and stripped of his medal after testing positive for anabolic steroids. In 1992, a NFL defensive end dies. Lyle Alzado was 43. Although it’s not proven, taking muscle-enhancing drugs allegedly causes his cancer. (Murphy, 2007) Several more cases have made headlines as the years go by. Even with strict laws and rules, the use of performance-enhancing drugs still continues. With the headlines featuring big-named-athletes for things other than the longest home run, another win or this athlete or team can’t be defeated, kids that are looking up to these athletes may be influenced to follow in their favorite players footsteps. This could be very dangerous because some kinds are just looking to â€Å"fit in†! With the considerable amounts of risks and effects involved in using performance-enhancing drugs, the question has been brought up as to whether or not the drugs should be legalized. The legalization of the drugs would be for the sole purpose to gather information and â€Å"assess any increase in risk afforded by the use of drugs or technology, every performance-enhancing method needs to be studied.† (Kayser, 2005) Although it seems that the legalization of drugs is appealing, what would be the outcome of it all? Another question that needs to be asked is, â€Å"How addicting would the â€Å"testing methods† be?† Every little bit of a drug that is taken can be addicting and researchers want to risk a person(s) career, life and family? Would you be willing to risk it all for a drug research project? Trying to keep sports clean is a never ending race between drug testers and users. (CBC, 2004) With new technology and advances, it seems the use of drugs progresses and is never going to completely come to an end. Even with several cases of users dieing or having serious effects, it will still be a trend to use. After knowing all the effects, what the drugs are made of and some known incidents, would you take performance-enhancing drugs? References ( 2004, December 3). The inside dope. CBC Sports Online. A.P. (2007, January 26). NFL, players union agreed to implement stricter drug testing. Taipei Times, p 23. Anabolic steroid. (2007, March 18). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 19, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anabolic_steroidoldid=116125363 Androstenedione. (2007, March 14). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 19, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Androstenedioneoldid=115150214 Dehydroepiandrosterone. (2007, April 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 12, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dehydroepiandrosteroneoldid=121035897 DiConsiglio, J. (1999, April 26). Drugs sports. Scholastic Action, 22 (13), 4-4. Retrieved March 8, 2007, from EBSCOhost database. DiGiovanna, M. (2007, March 2). Silence sounds bad to angels (home ed.). Los Angeles Times, p D9. Doping (sport). (2007, April 9). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 9, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doping_%28sport%29oldid=121401525 G. HGH Human Growth Hormone Information. The Truth About HGH. Retrieved April 9, 2007, from truth-about-hgh.com/truth-about-hgh.html Gassman, R. (2007, February). Drug busters. Popular Science, 270 (2), 34-34. Retrieved March 14, 2007, from EBSCOhost database. Gynecomastia. (2007, March 18). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 19, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gynecomastiaoldid=116082298 Kayser, B., Mauron, A., Miah, A. (2005, December 17). Legalization of performance-enhancing drugs. (viewpoint). The Lancet, 366 (9503), p S21. Retrieved March 8, 2007, from Thomson Gale PowerSearch. LePage, M. (2006, August 19). Only drugs can stop the sports cheats: far from providing unfair advantage, drugs could make sports fairer- and safer too. New Scientists, 191 (2565), p 18. Mannie, K. (2006, October). Doping dà ©j vu. Coach and Athletic Director, p 13. Mika, E. (2007, February). Drug busters. Popular Science, 270 (2), 34-34. Retrieved March 14, 2007, from EBSCOhost database. Moore, T. (2007, March 3). Steroids raid casts wide net (mained.). The Atlanta Journal – Constitution, p D2. Murphy, J. (2007, March 1). A century of drugs and the athletes. USA Today, p 03c. Preboth, M. (2000, October 15). Cocaine abuse among athletes. American Family Physician, 62 (8), p 1918. Retrieved March 8, 2007, from Thomson Gale PowerSearch. Staudohar, P. D. (2005). Performance-enhancing drugs in baseball. Labor Law Journal, 56 (2), p 139-149. Retrieved March 14, 2007, from EBSCOhost database. Steroid. (2007, March 18). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 19, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steroidoldid=116058656 Research Papers on Performance-Enhancing Drugs In SportsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseGenetic EngineeringIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsCapital PunishmentAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

A Handy Guide to Words Starting with Mani-

A Handy Guide to Words Starting with Mani- A Handy Guide to Words Starting with Mani- A Handy Guide to Words Starting with Mani- By Mark Nichol Several English words are derived from the Latin term manus (the basis of manual), meaning â€Å"hand,† but many others are unrelated. Here’s a breakdown of which words starting with mani- have been handed down from Latin and which have differing etymologies. Manipulation is the act of handling something, although the word also has the weighted sense of controlling someone or something for one’s own purposes. The word, ultimately from Latin manipulus, stems from manipuler, a French term meaning â€Å"handle chemical apparatus.† The verb form is manipulate, the adjectival form is manipulative, and objects that can be manipulated (especially those used to teach counting and other math skills) are sometimes called manipulatives. Manifest is likely but not with certainty derived in part from manus. The original form in Latin, manifestus, referred to something flagrant or obvious but in English manifest retains only the second sense: something easy to recognize or understand or clearly shown or visible. That is the connotation of the historical term â€Å"Manifest Destiny,† referring to the principle that it was obvious that the United States was entitled to all the territory of North America extending to the Pacific coast from the nation’s then-current frontier. The verb form, also manifest, means â€Å"show clearly,† and manifest as a noun refers to an indication or to a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo. A related term is manifesto, an Italian word with a sense of denunciation, which came to be applied to policy statements and declarations of beliefs; the best known of these is Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’s Communist Manifesto. In the military organization of the Roman Empire, a maniple, numbering 60 or 120 men, was the unit equivalent to a company in a modern army. The word, from the Latin term manipulus, meaning â€Å"handful,† perhaps alluded to the relatively small size of the unit compared to the empire’s basic tactical force, the legion, which consisted of thousands of men. (A similar unit is the century- centuria in Latin- based on the word denoting one hundred of something, hence our use of the term to refer to that many years; centurion was the word for an officer in command of such a unit.) Maniple also referred to a strip (literally a handful) of silk formerly worn by certain clerics during a Catholic mass. Manicure, meaning â€Å"treatment of the hand and fingernails,† is from Latin by way of French, as is the equivalent pedicure, based on the Latin root ped- (the basis of pedal, pedestrian, and many other words pertaining to feet). Manicotti, the word for a tube-shaped pasta and the dish made from it, is from the plural for the Italian word for muff, from Latin manica, meaning â€Å"sleeve,† which derives from manus. But mania, referring to a symptom of mental illness and by extension to excitement in general, though it came to us from Latin, is originally Greek in derivation, from menos, meaning â€Å"spirit.† And manifold, meaning â€Å"many† or â€Å"various,† is from Old English, and the first half of the word is simply an alteration of the older form of many. Other words not related to the Latin root include manikin, also spelled mannikin but usually styled in the French form mannequin, referring to a life-size model of a human body used for displaying clothing; the term is from the Dutch word for â€Å"little man,† and the first two spellings can also pertain to a dwarf or other small person. Another non-Latin word beginning with mani- is manioc, another name for cassava, a tropical plant whose root is the source of tapioca. (That word, and manioc, are derived from the language of a people indigenous to Brazil; cassava is based on a word of the Taino, native to the Caribbean region.) Yet another word that stems from a Native American language is manitou, referring to a supernatural force, from the Ojibwa (also called the Chippewa), who were based around the Great Lakes. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsGrammar Quiz #21: Restrictive and Nonrestrictive ClausesDozen: Singular or Plural?

How does CRM help companies with their customers Term Paper

How does CRM help companies with their customers - Term Paper Example Thus, on the basis of such application of information, the store is able to offer its clientele targeted coupons and additional programs that will motivate its consumers to purchase more products from that store (Connick; Turban, Leidner and McLean). In addition, the customer relationship management is an information industry paradigm intended for software, methodologies and especially the Internet service that facilitates a company to manage customer relationships in a well-organized way (Williams; Turban, Leidner and McLean). This paper will discuss some of the important aspects of customer relationship management and how CRM help companies with their customers. The basic purpose of this research is to assess the potential influence of effective CRM policies, technologies and strategies for building better customer services for any business. Customer Relationship Management Systems In the past, the customers’ data were stored in various remote systems in a variety of functio nal departments, for instance, sales, finance, distribution, and marketing. On the other hand, the emergence of e-commerce created huge amounts of customer data that were not incorporated with the data in the service area of the information system. Thus, the CRM applications were created in an attempt to deal with these issues by offering information and tools to bring a better customer experience and to maximize the time customer value for an organization. Basically, the CRM puts together customers’ data from a variety of corporate departments, evaluate these data, and then offer the results to both customers and employees touch points. In this scenario, a customer touch point can be any method to communicate with the customer for instance, email, telephone or fax (Turban, Leidner and McLean; Stair and Reynolds). However, we will make a mistake if we consider the customer relationship management as simply a software system or solution. Without doubt, customer relationship ma nagement can offer the companies a wide variety of tools and techniques to effectively manage and monitor clients. However, CRM is as well a viewpoint, a strategic method for recognizing the requirements of the organization’s customers. In fact, the effective management of a customer’s requirements directs toward customer satisfaction. In addition, if an organization does not link itself with the trends of always growing marketplace, not expecting and responding to its customers, it fails to survive. In addition, a business is not able to construct preference for a product if its customers’ requirements and desires are not precisely understood and satisfied. In this scenario, in the approved manner implemented CRM solutions can be an influential tool that businesses can utilize to build brand preference, and make their customers happy (SageAsiaPac). The Applications of CRM Systems The majority of CRM applications and service packages exist to help organizations manage the customer relationship process. In fact, salespeople are likely to consider of these computer applications as the be-all and end-all of customer relationship management. On the other hand, customer relationship management has at the present turned into a great deal broader as compared to a computer; actually, it has been present in one form or another

Paper topics must be relevant to business ethics Essay

Paper topics must be relevant to business ethics - Essay Example The case of Wal-Mart’s recent bribery allegations in Mexico particularly raised the question of whether bribing public officials should be justified from ethical or economic point of view. On the other hand, Lindsey Manufacturing has also been recently accused of engaging engaged in a corporate bribery scandal worth millions of dollars with the Mexican utility electric company but it is alleged to have bribed the employees of the later to win contracts. Despite the controversy of bribery and the potential risk of heavy penalties, corporate bribery remains a common practice in many parts of the world. Many governments particularly in the Latin America, Asia and the Middle East are still unable to protect their citizens from the potential abuse of public resources that may arise due to corporate bribery. However, due to different cultural perceptions, there are a number of grey areas when dealing with the issue of bribery in business organizations. For example, it is often difficult to differentiate legitimate political donations or gifts to a business partner from bribes. Many multinational companies working in such areas often use various forms of bribery as a way of competing with other corporate organizations in the particular countries. Some of the advantage of corporate bribery includes hefty profits for companies, better relationships with foreign officials, and achieving business gains without need for superior services or products. There are a number of reasons why it should be impermissible for U.S companies to engage in Bribery in Countries that permit such Acts. Despite the numerous benefits and profits that come with bribery as well as the costs of not engaging in it in countries that permit it, bribery is against the universal fundamental business ethics and should not be tolerated due to the following reasons. One of the reasons for the claim is that the payment of crimes and other corruption deals by corporations

Foundations of Behavior Essay Example for Free

Foundations of Behavior Essay The field of psychology is expanding and credit is due to the numerous research studies being conducted. These research studies utilize different methods and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, five popular research methods will be compared based on their characteristics, objectives, strengths and weaknesses, research techniques, validity, and reliability. These research methods are case study, naturalistic observation, survey research, correlational research, and the experimental method. The case study is a focused study on a person or a specific group or a particular situation. Its research design involves five components, which are the study questions, the propositions, the units of analysis, the logic linking the data to the propositions, and the criteria for interpreting the findings (Tellis, 1997). Case studies have varying purposes. Some case studies are conducted to either confirm or challenge an existing theory, while others are carried out to describe either a special or an extreme case. A case study obtains information from documents (letters and newspapers), archival records (service records, survey data), interviews, direct observation (done when field visits are needed), participant-observation, and physical artifacts (instruments and tools). One of the most established techniques in case studies is called pattern-matching, in which the data is linked to propositions. The reliability of case studies is relatively high, especially when protocols are established. However, validity, especially construct validity, sometimes becomes questionable because the researcher might be subjective in his decisions and interpretations. This can be minimized by utilizing multiple sources, by setting up a chain of evidence, and by asking major informants to review a draft of the case study. The common criticism against case studies is that its results cannot be used to arrive at generalizations. But the greatest strength of case studies is that it can present an in-depth and holistic knowledge about a particular situation, group, or person. The naturalistic observation is unique from all other types of observation in that the researcher does not hinder, interrupt or influence the environment being studied. One of the vital things to consider in conducting naturalistic observation is to record as much detail as possible, which includes smell, sound, taste, time, place, number of participants, and feelings. This is why journals and a variety of writing materials are utilized. But the use of any recording device, such as video cameras, is not allowed because it violates the privacy of the observed individual. The reliability of this research method relies on the accuracy of observation. One technique of increasing reliability is to have several observers (Hesse, 2003). The greatest advantage of naturalistic observation is that it is considerably less expensive than other methods. But, the subjects being studied may act differently because of their awareness of the presence of the observer. This will significantly reduce the validity of the results (Piercy, 2007). The survey research is characterized by its major means of collecting information. The researcher usually goes out and asks questions. The questions can be oral or in written form. And the respondents can be chosen in many ways. Some respondents are chosen at random while others must possess certain characteristics. For example, if a survey research is about elementary teachers, then a high school teacher will not be asked to answer the questionnaire. The techniques involved in survey research lie in the analysis of the collected data. The reliability and validity of survey research are affected by several factors, such as the quality of the sets of questions or the questionnaire, the amount of data collected, and the accuracy in using measures of central tendencies and variability. Ideally, the questionnaire must be standardized. Greater reliability and validity is achieved if the sample represents a greater part of the total population. One advantage of the survey method is that it is relatively cheap and easy. Unfortunately, it is also subject to human error and biases (Government of Saskatchewan, 2002). The correlational research is essentially the discovery of a relationship between two variables. Unlike the previously described methods, correlational research is quantitative in nature. The different techniques used in a correlational research are regression and prediction, multiple regression, factor analysis, and systems analysis (Davis, 2004). The greatest advantage of using this method is that its results can be used to formulate predictions and generalizations. This is due to the nature of the research techniques. But the greatest danger of this method is to over-generalize. It must be remembered that an established relationship between two variables does not mean a cause-effect relationship between them. If a researcher wanted to establish a cause-effect relationship, then the research method to use is the experimental method. Similar to the correlational research, it is concerned with variables, which can be either independent or dependent variables. The independent variables are usually manipulated so that there will be two groups being studied, the experimental group and the control group. These two groups have the same characteristics except for that one variable which is being tested. The difference between these two groups can be found in the dependent variable. The reliability of this method is increased by conducting the same experiment for several times. Its validity lies in the accuracy of the procedures and the careful handling and analysis of results. The greatest advantage of the experimental method is that it can present an explanation to a certain phenomenon. But it takes great skill and experience on the part of the researcher in order to conduct a good research experiment. One problem of experimental method is the issue of ethics in conducting experiments using human subjects. Any of these research methods can be utilized to examine an issue or phenomenon in psychology. The basis of choice usually depends on the goal of the research. The task of the researcher is to maximize the advantages and minimize the disadvantages of the chosen method. Bibliography Davis, J. (2004). Correlational research methods. Retrieved October 12, 2007 at http://clem. mscd. edu/~davisj/prm2/correl1. html Government of Saskatchewan. (2002). Psychology 20: Social Psychology: A Curriculum Guide for the Secondary Level. Retrieved October 12, 2007 at http://www. sasked. gov. sk. ca/docs/social/psych20/support_materials/faqnaturalistic_observation. htm Hesse, B. E. (2003). Issues in naturalistic observation. Retrieved October 12, 2007 at http://psyc. csustan. edu/bhesse/psy2020/Lectures/Fall03/p2020U2L5. pdf Piercy, J. (2007). Research methods. Retrieved October 12, 2007 at http://courses. cvcc. vccs. edu/Psychology_Piercy/research_methods1. htm Tellis, W. (1997). Introduction to case study. The Qualitative Report. 3(2). Retrieved October 12, 2007 at http://www. nova. edu/ssss/QR/QR3-2/tellis1. html

The Praying Mantis Essay -- essays research papers

The Praying Mantis (Mantis Religiosa) Contents Introduction Classes First Things First Key Features Basic Features Diet & Combat Style Reproduction Growth & Development Self-Defense Cultural Significance Praying Mantis Kung-Fu INTRODUCTION "Praying Mantis" is the name commonly used in English speaking countries to refer to a large, much elongated, slow-moving insect with fore legs fitted for seizing and holding insect prey. The name, "Praying Mantis" more properly refers to the specific Mantid species Mantis Religiosa or the European Mantis, but typically is used more generally to refer to any of the mantid family. The name is derived from the prayer-like position in which the insect holds its long, jointed front legs while at rest or waiting for prey. It is also called the "preying" mantis because of its predatory nature. CLASSES Many questions have risen regarding the praying mantis. Such questions include how many different species there are in the animal kingdom. Estimates range from 1500 to 2200 different mantid species WORLDWIDE. The most common figure given, though, is about 1800. The ways the Mantid's are classified in the Animal Kingdom. There is agreement that the collection of mantid species make up the Mantidae family of insects. The Mantidae family, in turn, is part of the order/suborder Mantodea that includes a variety of mantid-like species. But the existing literature does not reflect a clear consensus about what insect order Mantodea belong in. Some have placed Mantodea in the Dictyoptera Order-with the roaches. Others place Mantodea in the Orthoptera Order-with crickets and grasshoppers. Finally, some believe that Mantodea constitute their own independent order of insects. There seems to be an emerging consensus around this position. FIRST THINGS FIRST The Mantis Religiosa was first named such and classified by the inventor of the modern system of biological taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus. The three common species of mantids in North America are the European mantis (Mantis religiosa), the Chinese mantis (Tenodera aridifolia sinensis), and the Carolina mantis (Stagmomantis carolina) distinguishing features of these three species: Size The Chinese mantis is the largest of the three, reaching lengths of three to five inches. The European mantis, however, is a little sm... ...s while striving for food and existence did not reveal us its secrets, we would never develop this new style." The abbot replied: "You are right! In order to perpetuate the memory of the source, we shall call this style "The Gates of Praying Mantis" (Tang Lang Men). Wang Lang and the abbot developed twelve characters - guiding principles of the praying mantis fighting technique: zhan (contacting), nian (sticking), bang (linking), tie (pressing), lai (intruding), jiao (provoking), shun (moving along), song (sending), ti (lifting), na (grabbing), feng (blocking), bi (locking). Also they developed formal sets of praying mantis technique, such as: Beng bu (crushing step), Lan jie (obstruction), Ba zhou (eight elbows), Mei hua lu (plum blossom technique) and Bai yuan tou tao (white ape steals the peach). However, this new style for a long time was a privilege of the taoist monks of the Lao Shan taoist religious community and it was kept as a part of the secret taoist doctrine and closed to lay people. Wang Lang, for the rest of his days, lived in the taoist temple practicing self cultivation, developing Praying Mantis boxing and following the way of the Tao..."

Information System Briefing

Information system briefing By Adrienne Williams Healthcare Information systems HCS/483 10/16/12 Instructor Dionne Mahaffey Introduction In this information system briefing I will be discussing the process of researching and selecting Good information systems, when selecting a system you must always know the goal of the organization. mainly how this change can affect the stakeholders selection process. This system is distinct by way of an electrical form of communicating information (American Heritage Dictionary).In studies it’s clear to see the theory of information systems is just shared ideas and information; telecommunication though a computer. This type of technology has become very valuable when it comes to teaching and learning material system modules for any organization. In most accomplishment the general point of the project rest on having a system in place that can implementing a plan to meet the necessities of the healthcare Manufacturing business world today. Appl ying an information system is always a difficult task. It’s very significant to select a system that will benefit the organization accomplishments.Information Systems Briefing In many cases when it comes to healthcare organization being up to speed with the latest technology can and will help offer top notch patient care services. Most organization who are up to date has an department dedicated to information system it is in place to safeguard the technology up to the standards it needs to be. Updating this type of technology can be a bit of a challenge. The company always has a team of people to organize the information must choose the best technology for them to achieve the goals that are set for the company.Stakeholders are involved in every part of the planning and the setting up of the goals if the organization if the stakeholders do not know the steps about the information system technology they won’t know what’s taking place. Once goals are set into place it’s no longer difficult to choose the right information system. Part of the process of getting the system to work correctly for the company can be completed however it’s quite lengthy. The selection of a new healthcare information system (HIS) has been known to be overwhelming process for most clinicians.If the company can prevent any past mistakes of other companies that have tried but failed that will be of lessons learned. What’s to keep in mind is number of collaborators involved in electronic healthcare interventions. It’s identified and classified by five categories: data management, data creation, data sharing, modules management and data presentation. When reading what needs to be done in the selection of obtaining an information system, it is set in place to be how the organization will begin. Then the research for the right system the organization has picked is done.While doing the research, everyone involved should understand be able to under stand the technology before it is introduces to the entire organization (kim, king, & Brown, 2010). The ones who the team always aim to impress is the stakeholders, with that being said the all teams will have to exhibit the main topics to the stakeholders before applying this system into the organization. When implementing the system another important part of the research is for the shareholders to understand the process for this system, (Martin, Sargent, Naomi, & Swiernik, 2011). The cost is another portion that must go to the stakeholders.Closing When strategic planning is finished, the motivation for every person involved has increased and it built a shared vision to see the success of the project. When the members of the team have great communication that is what makes the key to a successful project. The members of the vision ,clarity, and good performance measures all play a role. Reference page Romanow, Darryl; Sunyoung Cho; Straub, Detmar. MIS Quarterly. Sep2012, Vol. 36 Is sue 3, piii-A18. 26p. 24 Charts, 2 Graphs. Paschali, Kallirroi; Tsakona, Anna; Health Science Journal, 2012 Jul-Sep; 6 (3): 418-31 (journal article – algorithm, review) ISSN: 1108-7366

Banana

The time and temperature change of the reaction are graphed to identify the hanged in enthalpy and entropy that took place as the melted substance solidifies. Using the data we can then predict the change in free energy, GAG . Keyword's: Entropy, Enthalpy, Free energy, naphthalene II. Introduction Enthalpy, H, is a thermodynamic property of a system. It is defined as the sum of internal energy U of a system and the product of the pressure and volume of the system: H = IS+UP The UP term represents the mechanical work done on or by the system.Since we are usually more interested in changes than in absolute values, we could write H = + up Entropy, S, is an another thermodynamic property. Which we can consider as a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system. An ordered system has low entropy. A disordered system has high entropy AS equals the heat transferred between the system and Its surroundings divided by T: AS = Q/T = H/T Enthalpy and entropy are different quantities. Entropy has the units of heat, Joules. Entropy has the units of heat divided by temperature, Joules per Kelvin.In this experiment, the group would Like to compare the entropy, AS and enthalpy, AH by monitoring the temperature & time during phase change of a melted naphthalene to reeking point. And using the data to predict LEG. Ill. Experimental Section Prepare 250 ml of half full tap water In a beaker to be placed In a ring stand, light the Bunsen burner to begin heating of water. In a large test tube fill half full of thread at the end of the test tube to let it hang in an iron clamp. Place the test tube into the beaker of hot water .Notice the melting of solid crystals. Carefully remove the water bath apparatus and burner from beneath the test tube and begin recording the temperature every after 30 sec, until the naphthalene passes the reeking point of molecules. IV. Results and Discussion Initial Room Temp: 34 c Temperature vs.. Time Based from the results the naphthalene freezes at 84 0 seconds in 77. 8 degrees Celsius. Freezing reaction is an exothermic process; energy is lost from the water and dissipated to the surroundings.Therefore, as the surroundings get hotter, they are gaining more energy and thus the entropy of the surroundings is increasing. During the process of melting naphthalene, the reaction is said to be endothermic because the system absorbs the energy from its surroundings. The relationship between the mime and temperature is inversely proportional as the time increase the temperature decreases. The Gibbs Free Energy of reaction (G) is an indicator of reaction spontaneity.Obeying the Entropy change and enthalpy change together influence the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. A spontaneous process is capable of proceeding in a given direction without needing to be driven by an outside source of energy. In Second law of thermodynamics, the naturally occurring reactions always move toward a state of lower potential energy. Thus, a reaction with a negative delta applied during the reaction. A reaction that is spontaneous is always accompanied by the net release of free energy (energy available to do useful work).However, some spontaneous reactions require added energy to get started. The energy they finally release includes both this added energy and the calculated free energy of the reaction. V. Conclusion The cooling the reaction is said to be spontaneous because there is no heat applied during the process and enthalpy seemed to be the dominating factor in fingernails. The spontaneity of the process appears to be associated with a highly ordered yester going to a less-ordered, uniform state.

Legislative Brief Essays - Prevention Of Corruption Act, Bribery

Legislative Brief Essays - Prevention Of Corruption Act, Bribery Legislative Brief The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill, 2013 The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill, 2013 was introduced in the Rajya Sabha on August 19, 2013. It was referred to the Standing Committee on Personnel, Public Grievances, Law and Justice on August 23, 2013. The Committee submitted its Report on February 6, 2014. Recent Briefs: The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Bill, 2013 June 10, 2014 The Civil Aviation Authority of India Bill, 2013 March 29, 2014 Prianka Rao [emailprotected] July 23, 2014 Highlights of the Bill The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill, 2013 amends the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The Act covers the offence of giving a bribe to a public servant under abetment. The Bill makes specific provisions related to giving a bribe to a public servant, and giving a bribe by a commercial organisation. The Bill redefines criminal misconduct to only cover misappropriation of property and possession of disproportionate assets. The Bill modifies the definitions and penalties for offences related to taking a bribe, being a habitual offender and abetting an offence. Powers and procedures for the attachment and forfeiture of property of public servants accused of corruption have been introduced in the Bill. The Act requires prior sanction to prosecute serving public officials. The Bill extends this protection to former officials. Key Issues and Analysis The Bill makes giving a bribe a specific offence. There are diverging views on whether bribe giving under all circumstances must be penalised. Some have argued that a coerced bribe giver must be distinguished from a collusive bribe giver. The Bill has deleted the provision that protects a bribe giver from prosecution, for any statement made by him during a corruption trial. This may deter bribe givers from appearing as witnesses in court. The Bill has replaced the definition of criminal misconduct. It now requires that the intention to acquire assets disproportionate to income also be proved, in addition to possession of such assets. Thus, the threshold to establish the offence of possession of disproportionate assets has been increased by the Bill. By redefining the offence of criminal misconduct, the Bill does not cover circumstances where the public official: (i) uses illegal means, (ii) abuses his position, or (iii) disregards public interest and obtains a valuable thing or reward for himself or another person. Under the Act, the guilt of the person is presumed for the offences of taking a bribe, being a habitual offender or abetting an offence. The Bill amends this provision to only cover the offence of taking a bribe. PRS Legislative Research Institute for Policy Research Studies 3rd Floor, Gandharva Mahavidyalaya 212, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg New Delhi 110002 Tel: (011) 43434035-36, 23234801-02 www.prsindia.org The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill, 2013PRS Legislative Research PART A: HIGHLIGHTS OF THE BILL1 Context Currently, offences related to corrupt practices of public officials are regulated by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 covers taking a bribe, criminal misconduct and mandates prior government sanction to prosecute a public official. In 2008, an amendment Bill was introduced which included provisions related to extending prior sanction for prosecution to former public officials, and the attachment of property of corrupt public officials. However, that Bill lapsed.2 In 1999, the Law Commission of India recommended that a separate Bill related to forfeiture of property of corrupt public officials be introduced.3 In 2007, the report of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission recommended that the Act be amended to include bribe giving as an offence, limit prior sanction for prosecution to certain cases, and provide for the attachment of property of public officials accused of corruption.4 In 2011, India ratified the United Nations Convention against Corruption, and agreed to bring its domestic laws in line with the Convention. The UN Convention covers giving and taking a bribe, illicit enrichment and possession of disproportionate assets by a public servant as offences, addresses bribery of foreign public officials, and bribery in the private sector.5 The Prevention of Corruption (Amendment) Bill, 2013 was introduced in Parliament in August 2013. The Bill amends the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The Bill provides for the offence of giving a bribe by individuals and organisations, extends the requirement of prior sanction for prosecution to former public officials and covers attachment and forfeiture of property.

How to Resolve and Solve Problems

How to Resolve and Solve Problems A great skill to have is the ability to solve problems specifically interpersonal and behavioral problems,   effectively. At the same time it is also a great skill to teach students. There are a few key requirements to resolving problems collaboratively.   Both inside and outside the classroom teachers deal with problems, and knowing how to resolve problems, either conflict between students, with students or with parents, require following some steps.   Here are the steps to becoming an more effective problem solver. Heres How: Understand why the problem exists. What is the actual root cause for the problem? If you know something about why the problem exists, youll have a better time of resolving the problem. Lets take the example of a child who doesnt want to come to school. Before you can help identify a solution, it is important to find out why the child doesnt want to come to school. Perhaps bullying is occurring on the bus or in the halls. One of the first steps to effectively solve problems, is delving into the root cause of the problem.Be able to clearly identify the problem and the obstacles that the problem presents. All too often when attempting to address a problem, those problems surrounding the principal cause are considered rather than identifying and resolving the root problem.   Clearly state the problem and what obstacles the problem presents to you. Again, the child who doesnt want to come to school has the problem of it having a negative impact on his/her academic success.Once you have clearly stated the problem, you need to understand what you have control over and what you dont. Your efforts to resolve the problem must be within the areas where you have control. You may not have control whether a child comes to school, but you do have control over dealing with the bully who is creating the barrier to the child not wanting to attend school. Solving problems must focus on the things which you can control. Do you have all the information you need? Solving problems is often like becoming involved in investigations. Have you thoroughly researched why the problem exists? Do you have all the information you need? If not, be persistent and seek out all information before tackling the problem.Dont jump to conclusions. Once you have all of your information, analyze it carefully and look at it from various viewpoints. Be as objective as possible and dont be quick to judge. Remain judgement free as much as possible. This is a time for you to use your critical thinking skills.Now determine your options for solutions. How many options do you have? Are you sure? Which options seem reasonable? Have you weighed the pros and cons of your options? Are there any limitations to your options? Are some options better than others and why? Are there advantages and disadvantages you need to take into consideration?You should now be ready to act. A well thought out strategy/solution is now in place. However, what is your plan to monitor its outcome? How will you know that your solution is working? Once your solution is in place, it is important to monitor and evaulate the outcome regularly. In SummaryYou can use this approach to many of the challenges that arise in your classroom. A child who wont comply, a parent who is unhappy with their childs IEP, an educational assistant with whom you are having some conflict with. The strategies used in this problem solving plan are merely good life long skills to have. Tips: Clearly state the problem.Know what the obstacles are related to the problem.Determine what you have control over and what you dont.Make sure you have ALL the information you need.Identify all of your options and implement the best option for a solution.

Students need to produce an industry report, (BMW) highlighting their Essay

Students need to produce an industry report, (BMW) highlighting their research on the industry, the main players, their understanding of trends and their suitability - Essay Example activity vehicles; and innovative features such as, dynamic stability control or the integrated driving system introduced by BMW, known as the I-Drive (Fleischmann, Ferber and Henrich, 2006). The growing demands of customers for individual configuration specifically in premium cars have made automobile companies like, BMW, to come up with creative ideas so as to stand apart in this fierce competition and gain significant competitive advantage. Alongside the classical markets in North America, Europe and Japan, newer markets such as, China and the Eastern Europe, are also emerging. The product life cycle in emerging markets are supposed to be dissimilar from the one that is witnessed in already developed markets. This provides big opportunities for companies like, BMW, to sell models, which have been discontinued in the established markets, in these relatively newer markets. BMW has been implementing effective strategies in order to set up their production sites throughout the globe for bringing their production closer to markets and thus, satisfy growing needs and demands of the customer base. This has enabled them to accrue benefits by attaining country specific advantages. Example of such advantages attained by the company include incentives for investments and accessibility to cheap labour that they have obtained by gaining entry into emerging markets such as, India and China (Fleischmann, Ferber and Henrich, 2006). This study involves a thorough analysis of BMW’s strategic management. The following sections will discuss BMW’s strategic planning aspects and their business model will be subsequently explained. Thereafter, the company’s understanding of current trend in the industry will be explained. The report will also include Porter’s five forces analysis of the automobile manufacturer and lastly, a recommendation will be provided. The BMW Group headquartered in Munich, Germany, is primarily engaged in the manufacturing and sales of BMW, Rolls Royce